Abstract

At the present, Mexico is experiencing a climate of uncertainty and widespread distrust, due to the increase in the level of crime and low level of confidence derived from opportunistic behavior aimed at obtaining an individual rather than a collective benefit, affecting business activities in the country. This research analyzes the determinants of social capital in various theoretical and empirical investigations. The study proposes the analysis of eight dimensions necessary for the study of organizations. The methods employed are descriptive and explanatory research based on a research review and analysis of the determinants of social capital from a macroeconomic and microeconomic perspective. As a result of the review and analysis of the theoretical and empirical literature, this paper extends the model of determinants of social capital from six to eight to include trust and associations, from a point of view of interest groups. In addition to the above, it is considered vital to establish determinants of corporate governance, which promotes transparency and ethics in business, a fundamental pillar to increase the level of trust. The results of this research provide organizations with information on the determinants that must take care to increase their social capital and therefore their performance indicators in organizations. It is recommended that in order to promote substantial change in the country, the effort must be made jointly with the involving each organization or company, since it is difficult, if not impossible, for government institutions to do this in isolation. Change must be systemic, with the objective of increasing the level of social capital and collaborative work in the country to obtain better indicators of well-being.

Keywords: social capital, performance, collaborative work factors.

JEL Classification: D9, D21, G34, M14.

Cite as: Mercado, M.P.S.R., Vargas-Hernández, J.G. (2019). Analysis of the Determinants of Social Capital in Organizations. Business Ethics and Leadership, 3(1), 124-133. http://doi.org/10.21272/bel.3(1).124-133.2019.

References

1. Ayala Espino, J. (1999). Instituciones y Economía: una Introducción al Neo institucionalismo Económico [Institutions and Economics: an Introduction to Neo-institutionalism Economic], México, Fondo de Cultura Económica [Economic Culture Fund], pp.155-164.
2. Berle, A. and Means, G. (1932). The Modern Corporation and Private Property, New York, Macmillan.
3. Castañeda, G. (1998). La Empresa Mexicana y su Gobierno Corporativo: Antecedentes y Desafíos para el Siglo XXI, México, Universidad de Las Américas Puebla y Alter Ego Editores, pp. 441.
4. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) [Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean] (2018). Panorama Social de América Latina 2017[Social Panorama of Latin America 2017]. Santiago de Chile, Chile.
5. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) [Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean] (2005). Aprender de la Experiencia: el capital social en la superación de la pobreza [Learning from experience: social capital in overcoming poverty]. Santiago de Chile, Chile. Publicación de las Naciones Unidas [United Nations publication].
6. Coleman, J.S. (1988). Social capital in The Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95-121.
7. Davis, J., Schoorman, F. and Donaldson, L. (1997). Toward a Stewardship Theory of Management. Academy of Management Review, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9707180258.
8. De la Torre, R., Rodríguez, F., & Sánchez, W. (2011). Propuesta: Análisis estadístico de los principales resultados de la Encuesta de Capital Social [Proposal: Statistical analysis of the main results of the Social Capital Survey]. XII Reunión Nacional de Investigación Demográfica En México [XII National Meeting of Demographic Research In Mexico]. Retrieved from http://somede.org/xireunion/memorias-electronicas/.
9. Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of Ownership and Control. Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301-325. http://doi.org/10.1086/467037.
10. Femina, D. (2015). Workplace Social Capital, Job Satisfaction and Workplace Performance in Developed and Developing Countries (Tesis de pregrado doctoral) [Doctoral undergraduate thesis]. Universidad de Manchester, Manchester, Reino Unido [University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom].
11. Freeman, R. Y., Phillips, R. (2002). Stakeholder Theory: A Libertarian Defense. Business Ethics Quarterly, 12(3), 49-62.
12. Global Reportin Initiative (GRI) (2016). GRI 101: Fundamentos 2016. Amesterdam, GRI Standars.
13. Gutiérrez, M. Y., Ruíz, A. (2014). Capital social confianza y crecimiento económico una investigación para América Latina, Ciudad de México [Social capital confidence and economic growth a research for Latin America, Mexico City], México: Tecnológico de Monterrey [Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education].
14. Jensen, C., and Meckling, W. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360. http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X.
15. Jiménez, R., Ponce, R. and Gutiérrez, L. (2016). El Desempeño Socioempresarial a través del Capital Social y otros Determinantes [Socio-enterprise Performance through Social Capital and other Determinants]. Pretium, Revista de Economía, Finanzas Y Negocios, 6(1), 1-7. Retrieved from Academiajournals.com.
16. Knack, K. and Keefer, P. (1997). Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff ? A Cross-Country Investigation. Oxford University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2951271 Accessed : 05-03-2016 20 : 18 UTC Your use of, 112(4), 1251-1288.
17. La Porta, R., López de Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. (1999). Corporate Ownership Around the World. The Journal Of Finance, 54(2), 471-517.
18. Matessich, Murray, Monsey & Wilder Research Center (2001). Collaboration: What Makes it Work, Fieldstone Alliance.
19. Martínez, Almudena (2004). Estructura de Poder del Consejo de administración y Creación de Valor, XVIII Congreso Anual y XIV Congreso Hispano-Francés de AEDEM, 2004, España. [Power Structure of the Board of Directors and Value Creation, XVIII Annual Congress and XIV Hispano-French Congress of AEDEM, 2004, Spain].
20. Martínez et al. (2015). Confianza y capital social: evidencia para México [Trust and social capital: evidence for Mexico]. Economía, Sociedad Y Territorio, xv, 35-59. Retrieved from http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=3&SID=1EwcHOW8ZufKPVWwUDb&page=1&doc=3.
21. Maslow, A. (1970). Motivation and personality. New York. Harper and Row.
22. Mattessich, P., Murray-Close, M., & Monsey, B. (2001). Collaboration: What Makes It Work, 2nd Edition: A Review of Research Literature on Factors Influencing Successful Collaboration. Publication http://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3182(98)70349-8.
23. McGregor, D. (1994). El lado humano de las Empresas [The human side of business]. Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia: Mc Graw Hill Interamericana.
24. Mujika, A., Ayerbe, M., Ayerbe, O., Elola, A., & Navarro, I. (2010). Manual para la autoevaluación del capital social en las organizaciones [Manual for the self-evaluation of social capital in organizations]. Bilbao. Deusto Publicaciones [Deusto Publishing].
25. Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage. The Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242. http://doi.org/10.2307/259373.
26. OCDE (2004). White Paper on Corporate Governance in Latin America. Organización para la Cooperación y El Desarrollo Económico OCDE (en línea): https://www.oecd.org/daf/ca/corporategovernanceprinciples/22368983.pdf.
27. OECD (2007).What is social capital. OECD Insights: Human Capital: How What You Know Shapes Your Life, 102-105. http://doi.org/10.1787/9789264029095-en.
28. Oliveira, J. F. (2013). The influence of the social capital on business performance: an analysis in the context of horizontal business networks. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 14, 209-235. http://doi.org/10.1590/E-mail.
29. O’Shaughnessy, N. (1997).The idea of competitive advantage and the ideas of Michael Porter. Strategic Change, 6, 73-84. http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1697(199703)6:2<73::AID-JSC253>3.3.CO;2-K.
30. Pérez, R. (2003). La Gouvernance de l’ enterprise [Corporate Governance], Francia, Ëditions La Découverte. pp. 112.
31. Rosas, M. (2006). Gobierno corporativo e impacto de la estructura de poder en la rentabilidad de las empresas que cotizan en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores [Corporate governance and the impact of the power structure on the profitability of companies listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange]. Universidad de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, México.
32. Rotman (1999). Principles of Stakeholder Management. Bussines Ethics Quarterly, 12, 257-264.
33. Vishny, R. and Shleifer, A. (1997). A Survey of Corporate Governance, en. The Journal of Finance, 52(2) (Jun, 1997), 737-783.
34. Williamson, O. E. (2007). Transaction Cost Economics: An Introduction. Economics Discussion Paper, 0-33. http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
35. World Economic Forum (WEF) (2018). Insigth Report: The Global Competitiveness Report. (K. Schwab, Ed.).