The Journal of “Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks” promotes the development of scientific cooperation and international dissemination of theoretical and empirical research, as well as the best international practices of financial sector development, financial support for national economics and households. The journal publishes the fundamental and applied research results, conceptual and empirical articles, analytical thematic studies and critical reviews.

Key topics:

• The development of international, national and regional financial markets;
• Behavioral Finance;
• Money and credit systems;
• Banking, insurance;
• Financial intermediation on financial instruments;
• Currency transactions, stock exchanges;
• Innovations in the field of financial services and financial risk management;
• The development of international financial infrastructure;
• Corporate, municipal and public finance;
• Accounting, reporting and auditing;
• Taxation;
• Investment activity;
• Financial law, legal aspects of markets and institutions activity.

When the article passes the double-blind peer review process, it will be accepted for publication. Each article is tested for plagiarism using StrikePlagiarism software before it is accepted for publication.

Each article is assigned an international digital identifier DOI (Digital Object Identifier).

The editorial policy of the journal is implemented within the activity of the ARMG Publishing Center of Sumy State University.

The Academic Council of Sumy State University gives recommendations at the Editor-in-Chief’s request to publish the journal.

The acceptance rate of submitted papers is about 35-40%.

In this section, the authors will be able to find the detailed information that is necessary before sending the article for possible publication in the “Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks” journal. Before submitting the manuscript, we strongly recommend the authors to study the article submission guidelines and comply with these requirements.

Articles should be from 3000 words in length.

All submissions should be formatted in the following way: typewritten in 11 Times New Roman, double-spaced, no page numbers, no page breaks, and with no tables or figures included within the text. Article files should be provided in Microsoft Word format.

When submitting an article for consideration, it is suggested to arrange it in several separate files: 1 ‒ Title page, 2 ‒ Main text of the paper, 3 – duplicate all graphic and illustrative materials and formulas in formats that can be edited (for example, Excel).

File 1. Title Page

The paper organization is the following:

Article Title

The title of the article should consist of at least ten words. The title should present the study.

Author Details

• Full name of all authors of the article.
• Place of work/study (in full) of all authors of the article, country.
• Position of all authors of the article.
• Scientific degree of all authors of the article.
• Academic rank of all authors of the article.
• The working address of the corresponding author.
• The working telephone of the corresponding author.
• Address for correspondence.
• Contact number.
• E-mail of the corresponding author.
• ORCID of all authors of the article (one can register here: https://orcid.org/)

An Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier (ORCID iD) is a unique and persistent digital identifier used to disambiguate researchers from one another. Created by ORCID, this iD helps ensure that work is properly attributed and that you receive credit for everything you do. It integrates with other identifiers (e.g., ResearcherID, Scopus and LinkedIn) and databases (e.g., Crossref) to centralize your research outputs and professional profiles. The author’s ORCID iD remains the same no matter whether he or she changes his/her name, institution, country or field of research and provides a unique and permanent marker of the scholarly contributions.

All information must be complete and accurate.

Abstract

The abstract should not be less than 2000 signs. The text must be concise, clear, free of background information and with clear and objective view of the main concepts in the paper. It should not contain results that are not presented and not substantiated in the main text. The abstract should not contain abbreviations and citations. The abstract should specify the purpose of the article, briefly describe the author’s contribution to the solution of the research problem, the scientific novelty and the practical significance of the results obtained, the main conclusions of the research.

The recommended template for writing the abstract. This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue…… The main purpose of the research is…. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem….. indicates that……. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that ……….. Investigation of the topic… in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence:………. Methodological tools of the research methods were……. years of research…… The object of research is the chosen company (countries, regions, universities, processes …….), because namely they……. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis ……, which showed that … .. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that …… The results of the research can be useful for ….

Keywords

The keywords are presented in the article to attract interested readers’ attention and simplify searching the manuscript through searchers. The number of keywords (phrases) should be from 5 to 10, given in alphabetical order.

JEL Classification

Our articles are classified according to the JEL classification codes (this is a system of codes for the topic of publications in economics, developed by the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) and available on the American Economic Association website. The article should contain from 1 to 5 JEL codes, each of which should consist of three characters (for example, D80, Z19). If the author has difficulties defining the JEL code, he or she can ask for help from the managing editor.

File 2. The main text of the paper

Introduction

The introduction indicates the essence and purpose of the research, formulates the problem in general terms and its connection with other scientific or practical tasks, provides a detailed description of the current state of the problem under study. The purpose of the introduction is to give the reader the complete information about the issue and possible ways of its solution, summarize the relevance of the research, its scientific and practical significance.

Literature Review

This section analyzes research and publications, which starts solving this problem and forms the basis for the study of author/authors. The unresolved issues are distinguished, which denote a part of the general problem in the article.

Methodology and research methods (if necessary)

This section gives a brief description of the positive and negative methodological experience and determines the hypotheses that underlie the research, scientific theories, and schools within which this research is carried out. The methodological and empirical restrictions of the investigation continue the scientific provisions.

This section also describes the data collection methods and processing used in the study, the empirical bases of the study. If the article contains the results of sociological research, the organization or persons who conducted it should be noted. Besides, the type of research, the period and the range of the analyzed data, the sampling error, methods of data collection (for example, interviews, observations, experiments, analysis of the content etc.) should also be indicated. If the article contains the results of statistical analysis of data, this section describes the applied methods of data analysis, gives the characteristics of the adequacy and reliability of the obtained results, provides information on the sources of statistical information, databases, etc.

The methodology and methods should be described with sufficient details to allow the reader to verify the study results. If there are any restrictions on the disclosure of any information or access to data, it should be indicated.

Results

This section presents the basic material of the research with the full justification of the received scientific results. The submitted material must be logically linked, clearly stated, and have the appropriate structure (if necessary, each part may have a name). During the presentation of the material, the scientific style should be followed.

Conclusions, Discussion and Recommendations

This section is a concise summary of the main findings of the study. The appropriate comment should describe the new phenomena and confirmed facts. The conclusions should be logically consistent with the title and purpose of the article, thorough, contain a comparison of the results with the analogues, recommendations for their implementation. It is advisable to give a clear vision of the prospects for further research in this area.

Acknowledgements and Research Funding (if necessary)

In this section, the authors provide information regarding the organization or individual who supports the study. It is also possible to mention other persons who participated in the research (technicians, laboratory assistants, etc.). It is obligatory to indicate the name of the fund, the name and number of the grant (research topic) when referring to the research funding source.

List of Abbreviations (if necessary)

If there are abbreviations in the text, the definition should be given in the text for the first time. A list of abbreviations should be provided in alphabetical order.

References

The correct link to a source in the text, listed in the reference list at the end of the article, should be:

• for one author’s work – to indicate the author’s last name (Adams, 2006);

• for two authors’ work – to indicate the last names of the two authors (Adams and Brown, 2006) or the name of the first author followed by “et al.”;

• for several authors’ works – to indicate the last name of the first author followed by “et al.” (Adams et al., 2006).

In alphabetical order, references should be listed with the author’s last name in the first place at the end of the article. References to other publications must be checked for completeness and accuracy.

Each source from the list should have DOI or electronic link.

For example:

Journal article

Author, A.A., Author, B.B., Author, C.C., Author D.D. (2005). Title of article. Title of Journal, Vol. (Issue.), 49-53. DOI

Article by DOI

Slifka, M.K., & Whitton, J.L. (2000). Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. Journal of Molecular Medicine, doi:10.1007/s001090000086.

Book

Timoshenko S.P., Young D.H., Weaver W. (1974). Vibration problems in engineering. 4th ed. New York, Wiley. 521 p.

Online document

Abou-Allaban, Y., Dell, M. L., Greenberg, W., Lomax, J., Peteet, J., Torres, M., & Cowell, V. (2006). Religious/spiritual commitments and psychiatric practice.

Resource document. American Psychiatric Association. https://www.psych.org/edu/other_res/lib_archives/archives/200604.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2007.

Appendixes

If there are Appendixes in the article, they appear on a new page after the figures. Multiple appendixes are labeled with letters (Appendix A, Appendix B).

Figures

All figures (diagrams, line drawings, web pages/screenshots and photo images) should be submitted in electronic form. Submit figures as separate high-resolution (300 dpi) JPEG, PDF or PNG images. All figures should be of high quality and clear. They should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals under their position in the text. The text of the article should refer to all the figures. Diagrams and drawings can be black-and-white or colored. Each figure should have a name that is placed beneath symmetrically to the text. Explanations to the figures should be concise, meaningful, reveal the symbols and abbreviations used in them.

Tables

Tables should be typed and included in a separate file to the main part of the article. The text of tables should be written using Times New Roman 10pt. The position of each table should be clearly stated in the text of the article. Do not submit tables as non-editable images. All tables should be numbered consecutively in their order in the text. Each of them should contain a link in the text of the article. The title of the table should be short and reveal the table content. If it is necessary to provide a note to the text of the table explaining the abbreviation, or possible error in the calculations given in the table and so on, then it should be listed below the table.

Formulas

All formulas in the article should be numbered sequentially, beginning with (1) to the end of the article, including attachments. The number should be given in parentheses to the right of the formula in the same line with it. This number should be used when referencing it later in the text of the article (for example, equation (1)). Formulas and equations must be created in Microsoft Equation or Math Type editors in MS Word. They must be editable; all characters must be clearly identified (upper and lower case letters, other symbols, upper and lower indices, avoidance of confusion, for example, between zero and the letter “o” etc.). All the characters and units in which they are measured should be explained below the formulas.

Language

All papers are published in English.

File 3. Graphic and illustrative materials

In this file, we ask authors to present all the graphical and illustrative materials and formulas given in the main text of the article, in formats that can be edited (for example, Excel).

• ---

  Editor(s)-in-Chief

  ---

• 
  Serhiy Lieonov

   

  Head of the Editorial Board, Dr, Professor, Economic Cybernetics Department, Sumy State University, Ukraine.

  Research interests: banking, reproductive processes in the economy, risk management, innovation, investment activity

• 
  Gerald P Dwyer

   

  PhD, Professor of Economics and BB&T Scholar Clemson University, USA.

  Research interests: Monetary economics, financial economics, regulation of banking and financial markets.

• 
  Jacob Kleinow

   

  PhD, Consultant Finance & Risk in Zeb Consulting; Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Germany.

  Research interests: Financial Market Regulation and Supervision, Financial Institutions, Systemic Risk.

• ---

  Section Editors

  ---

• 
  Andreas Horsch

   

  Professor, Department of Investment and Finance, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany

  Research interest: finance and banking, investment, financial inclusion and financial intermediation

• 
  Inna Makarenko

   

  Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, the Department of Accounting and Taxation, Sumy State University, Ukraine.

  Research interests: corporate reporting, sustainable development goals and integrated reporting, company transparency, asymmetric information in financial markets.

• 
  Hassan Obeid

   

  PhD, Professor, Head of Finance Department at European Business School Paris, France.

  Research interests: Public Economics, Public Finance, Financial Economics

• 
  Saša Obradović

   

  Dr., Professor of Macroeconomics at University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Economics, Serbia.

  Research interests: Strategic Planning, Team Management, Policy Analysis.

• 
  Prem Lal Joshi

   

  Prof, Dr, ICSSR Senior Fellow, India; Former Professor of Accounting, Multimedia University (MMU), Malaysia; University of Bahrain, Bahrain

  Research interests: Finance and Accounting

• ---

  Editorial Board

  ---

• 
  Levente Kovács

   

  PhD, Professor, University of Miskolc, Hungary Head of the Economic Relations Department

  Research interests: transfer pricing in banks; monetary policy.

• 
  Inna Shkolnyk

   

  Dr, Professor, Head of Department of Finance, Banking Management and Insurance, Sumy State University, Ukraine.

  Research interests: financial intermediation, financial market.

• 
  Taras Savchenko

   

  Dr, Professor, Head of Accounting and Taxation Department, Sumy State University, Ukraine.

  Research interests: monetary policy, banking transparency, management accounting, modern SME financing techniques.

• 
  Ahmad Rizwan Ch

   

  PhD, University of Education Lahore, Pakistan.

  Research interests: Finance, Educational administration.

• 
  Krzysztof Koj

   

  PhD, Professor Economist, Business Trainer & Advisor, Higher Education Manager (Dean, MBA Academic Director), Lecturer; Polish Business Trainers Society, Poland.

  Research interests: international economic relations, European integration and negotiation.

• 
  K. M. Anwarul Islam

   

  Founder and Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Finance and Banking Research,USA. Springer Journal, The Millennium University.

  Research interests: Economic Growth, International, Decision and Risk Analysis.

• 
  Jarosław Szostak

   

  PhD, Professor WSB University in Chorzów, Poland

  Research interests: International Business, Business Strategy.

• 
  Armin J. Kammel

   

  Dr, Professor (FH), LLM (London), MBA (CLU) Ehrenprofessor (Danube University Krems), Austria.

  Research interests: international banking law, securities regulation, financial law, corporate law and business law, economic analysis of the law.

• 
  Magdalena Szyszko

   

  PhD, Professor, WSB University in Poznan, Poland.

  Research interests: economic theory, central banking and monetary policy, some aspects of financial markets (money market, banking market)

• 
  Aruna Kumar Panda
  PhD, Post-Doc (Business), Fellow, ICSSR, New Delhi. Chief Consultant and Head (R&D), International Society for Social Services, (ISSS), Bhubaneswar – 7, Orissa (India).

   

  Research interests: corporate finance, corporate governance, business strategy, HRM, banking and entrepreneurship.

• 
  Jean-Michel Heitz

   

  PhD, Full Professor, ESSCA, Université Paris-Dauphine, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, France.

  Research interests: Enseignement supérieur, Enseignement.

• 
  Dileep Kumar M

   

  Director, Nilai Field Consultancy and Training, Malaysia; Visiting Professor, Warsaw Management University, Poland.

  Research interests: OB/Entrepreneurship, Qualitative & Quantitative Research, Consultancy Strategy.

• 
  Wioletta Nawrot

   

  PhD, University of Pennsylvania PRP Licensed Instructor, ESCP Europe, Kaplan International College London, CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research, UK.

  Research interests: Neuroeconomics. Economics and Finance.

• 
  Ali Asgari

   

  PhD, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Panoply Consultancy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

  Research interests: Marketing, Management, Business Strategy, Strategic Planning.

• 
  Piotr Karaś

   

  PhD, Finance Department, Cracow University Of Economics, Poland.

  Research interests: financial instruments market, institution, transformation bridge, bounded rationality, opportunism.

• 
  Renata Karkowska

   

  Dr, Assistant Professor, Department of Insurance and Capital Markets, Institute of Financial System of Economy Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Poland.
  Research interests: portfolio management, capital market, mutual funds Market, Derivatives, Risk Management, Financial System Economy and Banking.

• 
  Rana (Khudhair Abbas) Ahmed

   

  PhD, Al-Rafidain University College, Iraq.

  Research interests: Finance.

• 
  Filip Fidanoski

   

  PhD, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.

  Research interests: Experimental Economics, Financial Economics, Macroeconomics.

• 
  Tankiso Moloi

   

  PhD, Professor South African Journal of Accounting Research, University of Johannesburg, South African Institute of Professional Accountants (SAIPA).

  Research interests: Financial Governance, Global Financial Stability.

• 
  Syed Fahim

   

  Dr., Assistant professor at DHA Suffa University, Pakistan.

  Research interests: Team Leadership, Strategic Planning, Team Management.

• 
  Ivo Pezzuto

   

  Dr, Professor, Global Market Analyst and Professor of Global Economics, International Business, and Risk Management at the International School of Management (ISM), Paris, France; ISTUD Business School; and Catholic University of Milan, Italy. Visiting Professor at IAE Nice Sophia Antipolis, France and University of Pisa, Italy.
  Research interests: Management, Finance.

• 
  Premkumar Balaraman

   

  PhD, Associate Professor at Adigrat University Ethiopia (Tigray).

  Research interests: Management, Finance.

• 
  Paulino Silva

   

  PhD, ISCAP, International Journal of Auditing Technology, ISCTE-IUL Porto Area, Portugal.

  Research interests: performance measurement and management in profit and non-profit organizations.

• 
  Akhlaque Ahmad

   

  PhD, Lecturer and Program Director at National Institute of Securities Markets (Established by SEBI), University of Mumbai, Mumbai Area, India.

  Research interests: Mathematical Finance, Computational Finance, Financial Modeling, Financial Derivatives and Financial Engineering.

• 
  Svitlana Kucherenko

   

  PhD, Henry George School of Social Science, New York, USA.

  Research interests: Financial Management, Financial Economics Crime Statistics, Risk Management Models, Riskology, International Economic Statistics.

• 
  Hamid Alibeiki

   

  Master of Science in Economics, University of Yazd; Professional Lecturer at Imam Javad University, Iran.

  Research interests: Econometrics, Risk Management and Insurance, Financial Economics.

• 
  HK Pradhan

   

  Dr, Professor of Finance & Economics, Chair, Financial Market Centre, XLRI School of Business, Jamshedpur, India.

  Research interests: Econometrics, Risk Management and Insurance, Financial Economics.

• 
  Isik Akin

   

  PhD Student, Department of Accounting and Finance, England.

  Research interests: Financial Literacy, Credit Risk – Credit Rating, Banks’ Performance, Behavioural Finance, Corporate Governance and Social Responsibilities, Financial Crisis.

• 
  Yaryna Samusevych

   

  PhD, Senior Lecturer in Accounting and Taxation, Sumy State University, Ukraine.

  Research interests: fiscal policy; environmental taxation; economic regulation; National security.

• 
  Alina Vysochyna

   

  PhD, Lecturer, the Department of Accounting and Taxation, Sumy State University, Ukraine.

  Research interests: fiscal policy; taxation; financial equalization; financial potential; fiscal decentralization; sustainable development.

• 
  Hamid Waqas

   

  PhD, School of Economics, Department of Finance and Banking, University Utara, Malaysia

  Research interests: Financial Distress and Portfolio Management

• 
  Buriak Anna

   

  PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Finance, Banking and Insurance, Sumy State University, Ukraine.

  Research interests: banking regulation and supervision, behavioural economics, decision-making, trust

• Technical Editor – Humenna Yuliia, PhD
• Managing Editor – Nikonova Alyona, MSc
• 

The scientific articles reviewing process is an essential stage in the publication process. It helps the Editor-in-Chief make decisions on the publication of the article, and the author – on the manuscript improvement.

Journal “Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks” has a system of double-blind peer review. It means that reviewers and authors remain anonymous.

The main criteria for articles selection include the authenticity of scientific ideas and proposals, the innovation of the scientific approach, significance of scientific results in its scientific field, the theoretical basis of the article, quality and completeness of the review of existing research and publications, clarity of the research methodology, literacy and adherence to editorial requirements.

The reviewers of the journal receive manuscripts for review according to their scientific interests.

Reviewers give one of the following recommendations:

• to accept the article for publishing in its original form;
• the article requires minor corrections, which are indicated in the review;
• a substantial review of the article content is needed; recommendations for the material improvement are indicated in the review;
• to reject the article on the basis, stated in the review.

The authors receive review reports with comments.

Editorial Board makes the final decision about the submitted manuscripts.

The author receives comments and recommendations on improving the material submitted to the e-mail. The article review process takes about 2 months.

The ideas and offers stated in articles do not necessarily coincide with the opinion of the Editorial Board. The authors have responsibility for the reliability of the information in articles, accuracy of the titles, statistical data, names and citations.

Before publishing, each article is tested for plagiarism by StrikePlagiarism software products. In cases of plagiarism detection, the authors of the materials are responsible.

Materials submitted for publication in the journal “Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks” cannot be published in other scientific publications.

The author, institution or sponsor of the research pays an article publication charge (APC) for the article publication. The article publication charge is paid to the account of Sumy State University. The cost of article publication is set according to the cost sheet, which is calculated as a rule, annually (can be periodically adjusted), and approved by the regulatory framework of Sumy State University. The payment is made after the acceptance of the article for publication. The publication payment is made via pre-charge for the journal issue, in which the article will be published. As of 01/06/2020, it is 50 Euro or 1500 UAH. Discounts are available for authors. Students, PhD Candidates, young researchers or top-cited scientists can publish their works with a 50% discount or for the account of Sumy State University. The decision regarding discounts is made at the discretion of the Editor-in-Chief as agreed with the Publisher. Clarifications and consultations on all financial matters and invoices are provided by the responsible editor: fmir_mngeditor.armg@ssu.edu.ua

Step 1. Preliminary submission of the article’s abstract. The initial submission of the abstract to the editorial board will allow assessing its relevance to the remit of the selected journal. In this regard, the corresponding author can send an abstract of the article to the e-mail of the responsible editor who should respond within a week. Authors can receive an answer to all questions related to editorial policy, financial issues of the publication, terms in electronic correspondence with the managing editor.

Step 2. Submission of the full-text article to consider. The corresponding author sends the full text of the article to the e-mail marked in the contacts of the selected journal. Then, the managing editor examines the article regarding compliance with the topics and requirements of the journal. The managing editor must notify the corresponding author about the review’s results not later than in a week.

The corresponding author must ensure that all the co-authors listed in the article have approved its final version, and also agreed to submit it to the publication. Article submission for publication in the journal provides that all authors (co-authors) approve its publication. All of them took part in the study and/or preparation of the article. When submitting an article to consider by the editorial board, the corresponding author should give accurate and reliable contact information. He or she will be fully responsible for all aspects related to ethical issues and the originality of the article’s content, acting as the primary contact in the case of any disputes and inquiries before or after the publication of the article. By submitting an article for publication, the authors (co-authors) should fully consider the requirements of the editorial board and the publisher on the content and quality of the original data presentation. The publication of the manuscript means that this article has not been previously published and is not considered for publication in other journals. It was approved by all co-authors and the institution where they carry out the study. The publisher is not legally responsible for any claims.

Step 3. Checking the article for originality. The editor checks the submitted materials for authenticity using the StrikePlagiarism software product to detect plagiarism. The managing editor must notify the corresponding author about the results of checking not later than in a week.

Step 4. Author’s agreement. The authors will receive an author’s agreement form for further filling. Each author must sign this agreement. The author’s agreement confirms that the content of the manuscript has not been published before and has not been posted for publication in another journal. All co-authors have no complaints about the placement of the article for subsequent publication.

Step 5. Reviewing the article. Two reviewers receive the article for double-blind peer review. The reviewer and the author are anonymous, that guarantees the fairness of the review process. Manuscripts for review are sent to the reviewers according to the field of their scientific interests. Reviewers give one of the following recommendations: 1) to accept the article for printing in its original form; 2) the article requires minor corrections, recommendations on which are indicated in the referee-report; 3) a substantial revision of the article content is needed, recommendations for improving the material are indicated in the referee-report; 4) to reject the article on the basis, noted in the referee-report. Reports of reviewers with comments and recommendations are sent to the corresponding author by e-mail. The process of reviewing the article takes up to 2 months.

Step 6. Acceptance of the article for publication. If there are any recommendations in the reviewing process to make certain corrections to the manuscript, the corresponding author should send the revised article along with the file “Response to reviewers’ comments”, in which all experts’ comments should be answered. The editorial board takes the final decision on the recommendation of this article to publish.

Step 7. Article preparation for publication. A technical editor checks all manuscripts accepted for publication for stylistic and linguistic errors. If necessary, the managing editor coordinates all questions with the author by e-mail. The corresponding author receives the revised version of the article for approval. He or she makes appropriate corrections if necessary and sends the final version of the article to the editorial board. Significant changes in the article, such as new results, corrections of the meaning, changes in the title of the manuscript and authorship, will be permitted if the corresponding editor approves them.

Step 8. Journal’s release for open access on the Internet. At this stage, the final version of the article will be published in the journal web-site and is available on the Internet. Corresponding authors will be informed about it by e-mail. Authors cannot make any changes to the final electronic version downloaded from the journal official web site.

Step 9. Printing, circulation and distribution. Hard copies of the journal are sent to libraries and databases. It is necessary to contact the journal’s managing editor to order printed copies of the journal (for example, for co-authors).