An overview of the elemental and functional content of the health indicators system as an economic category

. This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on defining the essence of health as an economic category. Systematization of the scientific works to defining health as an economic category requires a clear formation and a detailed description of the health determinants. For achieving the research goal, the study was carried out in the following logical sequence: 1) defining the general research problem; 2) theoretical analysis on the relevant publications; 3) classifying the health determinants by item functioning content; 4) defining areas of public policy concerning the investigated issue; 5) determining the global changes due to COVID-19 impact. The methodological base of this study was the methods of systematization, comparison, structural analysis, logical generalization, and bibliometric analysis. The study involved the VOSviewer 1.6.15 software in visualizing the obtained results. The study sample consists of 610 documents indexed in the Scopus database from 2010 to May 2021. The paper presents the classification of the health determinants by the item functioning content as follows: 1) medical and demographic orientation determinants; 2) morbidity determinants, their composition, a list of the number of appeals to medical institutions, reports of medical examinations; 3) disability determinants; 4) determinants of physical development such as somatometric (average height, weight, chest volume, geometric shape of organs and body tissues), somatotopic (geometry of the spine, legs, arms, skeletal development, etc.), and psychometric (arm strength, respiratory rate, blood pressure, etc.); 5) determinants of natural population movement (births, deaths, natural population growth, life expectancy). The authors noted that quantitative determinants mentioned above allowed determining in detail and systematically the level of health as an economic category. The findings showed that the global COVID-19 pandemic changes the legislation support of health care. Besides, the healthcare guarantees program ensures transparent government support in the medical sector of Ukraine. The authors indicated that using an «Analytical panels» (dashboards) service on the website of the National Health Service allowed the analytical data processing on medical costs. The authors highlighted the improvement in healthcare institutions' performance and financial transparency. The obtained results could be helpful for scientists and students interested in this research issue.


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Health Economics and Management Review, 2021, Issue 2 http://armgpublishing.sumdu.edu.ua/journals/hem   On the other hand, Figure 3 demonstrates the list of keywords that determine health as the economic category. Thus, six main clusters indicate the research directions of analyzed publications. Thus, the health economy is investigated relating COVID-19, digitalization, cost-effectiveness, environmental burden, etc.

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Health Economics and Management Review, 2021, Issue 2 http://armgpublishing.sumdu.edu.ua/journals/hem There are many pathogens and ways of spreading disease. Besides, general unhealthy environmental conditions provoke most diseases and injuries. It is worth mentioning that non-communicable diseases, including coronary heart disease, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer, are the most common consequences of global environmental changes (WHO, 2021a; Kashyap et al., 2020).
The findings on a bill systematization showed their main concern areas such as regulating the pharmaceuticals sale to children and persons under 14, regulating the circulation of cannabis, protecting the population from infectious diseases, protecting public health from harmful effects of tobacco, timely informing citizens (Fundamentals of Ukrainian legislation on health care, 2021). Notably, all of these bills are vital in improving people's lives during the COVID-19 pandemic.
It stands to mention some political examples, such as the protests in Hong Kong and the loss of Donald Trump in the election race. The pandemic is considered to be the «Great Financial Crisis». It has already led to financial and geopolitical dysfunction. Most world economies have experienced serious problems. Thus, on 23 March 2020, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, called for a global ceasefire as part of the UN response to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. On 1 July 2020, the UN Security Council adopted United Nations Security Council Resolution 2532 UN Security Council Resolution 2532 claiming a general and immediate cessation of hostilities at all competing interests. Furthermore, it invoked the conflict parties to immediately put into cold storage for at least 90 consecutive days. In turn, it requires international cooperation to address the pandemic (Resolution, 2020).
Healthcare delivery is another health care area that was changed during the pandemic. Most health care providers have switched to providing virtual or telemedicine visits instead of traditional office visits. Many countries reported the rise of domestic violence and intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 restrictions. Financial instability and declining stress balance have significantly increased domestic violence. Indeed, people were not ready for close coordination with family while reducing outdoor social networking. Thus, the UN Secretary-General called for a «ceasefire» in domestic violence (UN News, 2020).
On the other hand, the findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by suicidal ideation due to social isolation and social restrictions, fear, unemployment, and financial factors (Hinrichs and Bundtzen, 2020;The Lancet, 2020;Vasylieva et al., 2020).
Thus, 2020 year greatly changed society and the public health system. Besides, there were upheavals in financing medical institutions to provide the appropriate level of medical care (Kadar and Reicher, 2020). The healthcare system has become transparent and independent due to the Healthcare Guarantee Programme 2020. In turn, 1600 specialized medical institutions became partners of the National Health Service of Ukraine. These institutions received more than 100 billion UAH over 4 quarters. Anyone concerned can review medical services' analytical and reporting documents due to impersonal open data (National Health Service of Ukraine, 2021).
On 1 April 2021, the new expanded and detailed Healthcare Guarantees Program was launched. This program provides patients with more convenient and understandable services use. The Healthcare Guarantees Program provides 35 packages of medical services. The Program budget is 123.5 billion UAH in 2021. As of 28 May 2021, 48 billion UAH was paid under the medical guarantees program. Costs of the COVID-19 counteracting was 7 billion UAH (National Health Service of Ukraine, 2020).
Conclusions. This study presents the review of scientific publications devoted to healthcare as the economic category. The findings showed the qualitative and quantitative determinants of health. The public health policy was analyzed. The study described the COVID-19 impact on the government